Understanding SMA
Clear, reliable information about Spinal Muscular Atrophy — written for families, and reviewed with our scientific advisors.
What is SMA?
A plain-language introduction: what SMA is, what causes it, and what it does — and does not — affect.
Types of SMA
Type 1 to Type 4: when symptoms begin, how they progress and what to expect.
Genetics & inheritance
The SMN1 and SMN2 genes, carriers, and the chances for each pregnancy.
Diagnosis & testing
Early signs, the genetic blood test, and newborn, prenatal and carrier testing.
Treatments in India
Risdiplam, Spinraza and Zolgensma — how they work and how to access them in India.
Just diagnosed?
A step-by-step guide for the first weeks after an SMA diagnosis.
SMA in brief
Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a genetic disease that affects the motor nerve cells in the spinal cord, taking away the strength needed to walk, eat or breathe. It is caused by a fault in the SMN1 gene, and is the most common genetic cause of death in infants.
SMA does not affect intelligence. With early diagnosis, treatment and good supportive care, many people with SMA go to school, work and live independent lives.
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Information, not medical advice
These pages are for general information. They do not replace advice from a doctor who knows your or your child's situation. Always discuss diagnosis and treatment decisions with your medical team.